ABSTRACT
Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad de la atención del recién nacido con complicaciones es un elemento indispensable para las estrategias de mejora orientadas a reducir las tasas de mortalidad neonatal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad de atención técnica e interpersonal en el manejo de la taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido (TTRN) de pacientes afiliados al Seguro Médico Siglo XXI. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 61 hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud, que durante el primer semestre de 2011 reportaron al menos dos casos de TTRN. Se analizaron diferentes variables con respecto a la madre, el embarazo, el nacimiento y las complicaciones neonatales, así como intervenciones realizadas al recién nacido y condiciones de salud al egreso. Para medir la calidad de atención, se definieron y validaron indicadores de calidad en los ámbitos de la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Resultados: Se analizaron 256 expedientes de casos con diagnóstico de TTRN. El 8.9% de las madres tenía alguno de los factores de riesgo (asma, diabetes) y el 53.5% presentó complicaciones en el embarazo. El 60% de los casos de TTRN nacieron por cesárea; un tercio tuvieron bajo peso al nacimiento y el 14% fueron trasladados a otro hospital. En cuanto a los indicadores de calidad, en el rubro de prevención se identificó que en más del 90% se registraron los factores de riesgo (tabaquismo, asma, parto por cesárea); los de diagnóstico reflejaron que en el 86-98% se buscaron manifestaciones de insuficiencia respiratoria. Los de tratamiento lograron cifras satisfactorias para las medidas de monitorización y soporte. Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten considerar que la mayoría de los casos con TTRN recibieron un tratamiento apropiado. Es recomendable desarrollar estrategias efectivas, como reducir la creciente tasa de partos por cesárea, para prevenir la TTRN.
Background: Evaluation of the quality of care of the newborn with complications is an indispensable element for the improvement of strategies directed to reduce newborn mortality rates. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of technical and interpersonal care in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) of patients affiliated with the program "Medical Insurance Siglo XXI". Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 61 hospitals affiliated with the Health Ministry with at least two cases of TTN during the first semester of 2011. Variables such as mother's health, pregnancy, birth and birth complication characteristics were analyzed. Also, newborn interventions and health conditions upon discharge were included. To measure the quality of care according to prevention, diagnosis and treatment, quality indicators were defined and validated. Results: We analyzed 256 case files with a diagnosis of TTN; 8.9% of the mothers presented risk factors (asthma, diabetes) and 53.5% had complications during pregnancy. There were 60% of cases with TTN born by cesarean delivery; one third of these children had low birth weight and 14% were transferred to another hospital. As for the quality indicators in the area of prevention, more than 90% of risk factors (smoking, asthma, cesarean delivery) were identified. Diagnostic indicators showed that 86-98% of respiratory distress symptoms were sought. Indicators of treatment achieved satisfactory figures for monitoring and support measures. Conclusions: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment indicators made it possible to consider that most TTN cases received appropriate treatment. It is advisable to develop effective strategies to prevent TTN, such as increasing efforts to reduce the increasing rates of cesarean deliveries.
ABSTRACT
Background: In Mexico there is an important gap of information regarding the quality of care for neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This study aimed at evaluating the quality of care for neonates with NEC affiliated with the program Medical Insurance Century XXI (MIC-XXI), which is a branch of Seguro Popular. Methods: From December 2011 to March 2012, a cross-sectional study took place in 61 hospitals of the Ministry of Health located in 22 Mexican states. A set of 16 quality indicators based on a literature review served for the evaluation. Results: We reviewed 262 medical records of neonates with NEC. More than half were male and born by caesarean section; 55.8% were premature, 55.3% had low birth weight and 12.2% died. Regarding the quality of care, 72.5% were breastfed before being diagnosed with NEC. Most cases had abdominal radiography (90%), 75.0% had diagnosis of NEC according to Bell's criteria, but only 30% had reported symptoms that met the criteria for the recorded stage. Suspension of enteral feeding and administration of antibiotics reached 95.8% and 93.9%, respectively. Twenty six neonates underwent surgery, of which 34% had reported radiographic findings. Conclusion: A wide margin exists to improve the quality of care of neonates with NEC in Mexican Hospitals.
ABSTRACT
La presente revisión tiene como objetivos presentar a la comunidad académica evidencias recientes que proponen una relación entre la mala calidad y cantidad de sueño y la propensión al sobrepeso y obesidad. Se presentan en este escrito evidencias obtenidas en estudios clínicos controlados y de investigación básica experimental que demuestran que una cantidad o calidad deficiente de sueño lleva a corto plazo a alteraciones de tipo metabólico y conductual conducentes a la sobre ingestión de alimentos y al sobrepeso. También se discuten los posibles mecanismos que pudieran subyacer a este fenómeno, a nivel cerebral, metabólico y celular. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar a las horas de sueño como un factor poco considerado en los estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales y posible desencadenante de alteraciones metabólicas. Con este escrito esperamos poder interesar a otros profesionistas involucrados en el estudio de este fenómeno para incluir la calidad y cantidad de sueño entre sus variables de estudio y/o incluir la higiene del sueño entre sus propuestas de tratamiento y prevención.
The aim of this revisión is to highlight recent evidence that links low quality and quantity of sleep with an increased propensity to develop overweight or obesity. In this text we present evidence obtained with controlled clinical studies as well as with experimental models, both indicating that decreased hours of sleep lead to metabolic and behavioral changes that then induce overconsumption of food, which then results in weight gain. With this review we want to present sleep as an additional factor contributing to metabolic disease and we aim to raise interest in professional involved in the study of overweight and obesity in order to include this factor as an additional variable in their research and strategies of intervention.